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Sains Malaysiana 54(5)(2025): 1357-1373
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5405-13
Penentuan Mekanisme Pendeoksigenan dan Hidropendeoksigenan Asid Laurik menggunakan Mangkin FeMo/AC untuk Penghasilan Biobahan Api Jet
(Determination of the Mechanism of Deoxygenation and Hydropeneoxygenation of Lauric Acid using FeMo/AC Catalyst for Jet Fuel Production)
NURUL ASIKIN-MIJAN1,*,
MEGAN XIN YI RAVINDRAN1, NUR ATHIRAH ADZAHAR2, MUHAMMAD
HASIF AUJI1, ILYA NATASHA MUAALLAMIN1,
ABDULKAREEM-ALSULTAN GHASSAN2, LEE HWEI VOON3, ONG HWAI
CHUAN4, DARFIZZI DERAWI1, MOHD SUFRI MASTULI5 & TENGKU SHARIFAH MARLIZA6
1Jabatan Sains Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Pusat Penyelidikan Sains dan Teknologi Katalisis (PutraCat), Faulti Sains, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3 Pusat Penyelidikan Nanoteknologi & Pemangkinan (NanoCat), Institut Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4Jabatan Kejuruteraan, Sekolah Kejuruteraan dan Teknologi, Universiti Sunway, No.
5 Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
5Pusat Bahan Berfungsi dan Nanoteknologi, Institut Sains, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
6Jabatan Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Putra
Malaysia Kampus Bintulu, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak,
Malaysia
Received: 12 September 2024/Accepted: 15 January
2025
Abstrak
Lonjakan permintaan penggunaan biobahan api jet (BAJ)
dalam industri penerbangan merupakan salah satu alternatif bagi mengurangkan
pelepasan gas karbon dioksida (CO2) kepada alam sekitar.
Malaysia yang kaya dengan sumber kelapa sawit malahan minyak isirung sawit
(PKO) yang mengandungi sebanyak 48% asid laurik (C12) boleh digunakan sebagai
stok suapan bagi penghasilan BAJ. Terdapat dua kaedah yang dapat menukarkan
asid laurik kepada BAJ, iaitu kaedah pendeoksigenan bermangkin (DO) dan hidropendeoksigenan
bermangkin (HDO). DO dapat menukarkan asid laurik kepada BAJ melalui tindak
balas tanpa hidrogen (H2) dengan proses pendekarboksilan/pendekarbonilan
(deCOx) bagi menyingkirkan oksigen dalam menghasilkan rantaian hidrokarbon dan CO2 di samping penghasilan produk sampingan iaitu karbon monoksida, CO dan air (H2O
Kata kunci: Asid laurik; biobahan api jet; hidropendeoksigenan; mangkin; pendeoksigenan
Abstract
The higher demand for the use of bio-jet fuel (BJF) in
the aviation industry is one alternative to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions into the environment. Malaysia is rich in palm oil resources and palm
kernel oil (PKO) which contain about 48% lauric acid (C12), can be use as a
feedstock for BJF production. There are two methods to convert lauric acid to
BJF, namely the catalytic deoxygenation (DO) method and the catalytic
hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) method. DO can convert lauric acid to BJF through the
reactions without hydrogen (H2) involving decarboxylation/decarbonylation
(deCOx) processes to remove oxygen, producing hydrocarbon chains and CO2 alongside byproducts such as carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H2O).
Meanwhile, HDO converts lauric acid to BJF by removing oxygen in the form of H2O
in the presence of H2. In this study, both DO and HDO methods were
used to produce BJF using FeMo/AC catalyst. The synthesized catalyst was
characterized using several characterization techniques such as XRD, FESEM-EDX,
BET, TPD, and VSM. The effect of reaction temperature on the resulting products
was studied to determine the reaction mechanisms for both methods. The liquid
products obtained were characterized using GC-FID and GC-MS, while the gas
products were characterized using GC-TCD. The results showed that the simulation
mechanisms for both DO and HDO reactions for lauric acid using FeMo/AC catalyst
is very effective where the reaction producing a variety of hydrocarbon
species.
Keywords: Bio-jet fuel; catalyst; deoxygenation;
hydrodeoxygenation; lauric acid
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*Corresponding author; email: nurul.asikin@ukm.edu.my
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